Free NEC practice test · Article 422

Appliances practice questions

A free NEC Article 422 practice test for the journeyman exam: 16 questions on Appliances, each with the answer and the why behind it.

16 questions · free · answers included NEC 2023 · Updated

How to use this practice test

These 16 journeyman-exam practice questions cover NEC Article 422 across 16 code concepts, every one with the correct answer and a plain-English explanation of the rule behind it. They come from the same question bank the Loomi app trains you on — this is the free web sample, not a separate watered-down set.

Work straight down the sheet and answer before you peek: each question hides its answer behind Show answer & explanation. Questions tagged Code lookup are speed drills — race your codebook to the cited section. Printing this page gives you a clean paper worksheet with the answers left off.

Sizing branch circuits for appliances

NEC 422.10

An individual appliance circuit is sized to the appliance's marked rating (plus 125% if continuous), while a shared circuit is sized under the general branch-circuit rules in 210.23.

Q1 NEC 422.10

A single water heater marked as a continuous load is supplied by its own individual branch circuit. The breaker and assembly are NOT listed for 100 percent continuous duty. How must the branch-circuit rating compare to the appliance's marked rating?

  1. A Sized per Table 220.55 instead of the marked rating
  2. B At least 100% of the marked rating
  3. C At least 150% of the marked rating
  4. D At least 125% of the marked rating
Show answer & explanation

Correct: D — At least 125% of the marked rating

Under 422.10(A)(3), a continuous-load appliance (other than motor-operated) needs a branch-circuit rating of at least 125% of its marked rating unless the breaker and assembly are listed for continuous loading at 100%, which isn't the case here. 150% doesn't apply to this rule, and Table 220.55 is specific to household ranges and cooking appliances, not water heaters.

GFCI protection for cord-and-plug and fixed appliances

NEC 422.5(A)

Seven specific appliance types need Class A GFCI protection, and the GFCI must sit somewhere between the branch-circuit device and the appliance itself.

Q2 NEC 422.5(A)

Under 422.5(A), which appliance is specifically required to have Class A GFCI protection?

  1. A A permanently connected water heater
  2. B A cord-and-plug-connected clothes dryer
  3. C A cord-and-plug-connected dishwasher
  4. D A fixed electric space heater
Show answer & explanation

Correct: C — A cord-and-plug-connected dishwasher

422.5(A)(7) lists dishwashers as one of the seven appliance types requiring Class A GFCI protection. Clothes dryers, space heaters, and water heaters are not among the appliances listed in 422.5(A)(1) through (A)(7).

Dedicated circuits for central heating and storage water heaters

NEC 422.12

Central heating equipment needs its own individual branch circuit, and storage water heater circuits must be sized at 125% of the heater's amp rating.

Q3 NEC 422.12

According to 422.12, which piece of equipment is permitted to share a branch circuit with central heating equipment?

  1. A A humidifier directly associated with the heating equipment
  2. B Fixed electric space-heating equipment installed nearby
  3. C A dishwasher in the same utility room
  4. D A general-purpose receptacle outlet in the same room
Show answer & explanation

Correct: A — A humidifier directly associated with the heating equipment

422.12 permits auxiliary equipment directly associated with the heating equipment — a pump, valve, humidifier, or electrostatic air cleaner — plus permanently connected AC equipment, to share the branch circuit. A dishwasher and a general-purpose receptacle aren't associated heating auxiliaries, and fixed electric space-heating equipment is specifically excluded from this section's scope.

Cord-and-plug rules for disposers, dishwashers, and compactors

NEC 422.16(B)(1)

Disposers, dishwashers, and trash compactors can be cord-and-plug connected instead of hardwired, but each has its own cord-length range and receptacle-placement rule.

Q4 NEC 422.16(B)(1)

An electrician is installing a cord-and-plug-connected built-in dishwasher under 422.16(B)(2). Where must the receptacle be located?

  1. A Anywhere within 6 ft of the dishwasher
  2. B In the space adjacent to the space occupied by the dishwasher
  3. C Directly behind the dishwasher, inside the appliance space
  4. D In the space occupied by the dishwasher itself
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — In the space adjacent to the space occupied by the dishwasher

422.16(B)(2) requires the dishwasher's receptacle to be in the space adjacent to the dishwasher's space, not within it. That in-the-space-or-adjacent allowance is the trash compactor rule, not the dishwasher rule — a common mix-up.

Cord-and-plug appliance disconnect via plug/receptacle

NEC 422.33

An accessible plug-and-receptacle (or separable connector) counts as the disconnecting means for a cord-and-plug appliance — but only if it's accessible and rated at least as high as the appliance.

Q5 NEC 422.33

A cord-and-plug-connected appliance has its attachment plug and receptacle located behind a fixed cabinet panel that requires removing screws and cannot be reached without tools. What does 422.33(A) require?

  1. A The receptacle must simply be upsized to the next standard ampere rating
  2. B The appliance must be reclassified as permanently connected and exempted from Article 422 disconnect rules
  3. C A separate disconnecting means in accordance with 422.31 must be provided
  4. D Nothing further — any factory plug and receptacle qualifies as the disconnecting means regardless of location
Show answer & explanation

Correct: C — A separate disconnecting means in accordance with 422.31 must be provided

422.33(A) allows a plug-and-receptacle combination to serve as the disconnecting means only when it is accessible. If it is not accessible — as with a plug hidden behind a fixed, fastened panel — the appliance must instead be provided with disconnecting means under 422.31. Upsizing the receptacle rating or assuming any factory plug automatically qualifies misses the accessibility requirement.

Disconnect sizing rules for permanently connected appliances

NEC 422.31

The branch-circuit switch or breaker can serve as the disconnecting means for a permanently connected appliance as long as it's within sight or lockable per 110.25 — the VA/hp rating only changes which sub-rule applies, not whether this is allowed.

Q6 NEC 422.31 Code lookup

A 480-volt, 5 hp permanently connected compressor is fed by a branch-circuit breaker that is not within sight of the unit and cannot be locked in the open position. Which section requires the disconnecting means to instead be located within sight or lockable for an appliance of this rating?

  1. A 422.34(D)
  2. B 422.31(B)
  3. C 422.31(A)
  4. D 422.31(C)
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — 422.31(B)

422.31(B) governs permanently connected appliances rated over 300 volt-amperes, requiring the branch-circuit switch or breaker serving as the disconnect to be within sight or lockable per 110.25; 422.31(A) only covers appliances at or under 300 VA or 1/8 hp, and 422.31(C) applies only to motor-operated appliances over 1/8 hp requiring 430.109/430.110 compliance.

Basic appliance nameplate requirements

NEC 422.60(A)

Every appliance needs a nameplate with name, volts/amps or volts/watts, and it must stay visible or accessible after the appliance is installed.

Q7 NEC 422.60(A)

A dishwasher's nameplate is mounted on an interior panel that becomes completely inaccessible once the unit is built into cabinetry, with no way to view it without removing the appliance. Which requirement does this violate?

  1. A 422.60(A), because the nameplate lacks an identifying name
  2. B 422.60(B), because the marking must be visible or easily accessible after installation
  3. C No requirement is violated as long as the nameplate existed at time of manufacture
  4. D 422.60(A), because the nameplate is missing the volts and amperes rating
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — 422.60(B), because the marking must be visible or easily accessible after installation

422.60(B) requires the marking be located so it stays visible or easily accessible after installation. The scenario doesn't describe missing content on the nameplate (which would implicate 422.60(A)) — it describes a location/accessibility problem after install.

General appliance overcurrent protection rules

NEC 422.11(A)

A marked protective rating on the appliance caps the branch-circuit breaker; if nothing's marked, a single non-motor appliance follows the 20 A / 150% rule.

Q8 NEC 422.11(A)

An appliance nameplate marks a maximum protective device rating. Under 422.11(A), what governs the branch-circuit overcurrent device?

  1. A 240.4 alone, since the marking is only advisory
  2. B The marked rating, which the overcurrent device cannot exceed
  3. C 150% of the appliance's rated current regardless of the marking
  4. D Whichever is higher — the marked rating or the 240.4 value
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — The marked rating, which the overcurrent device cannot exceed

422.11(A) is explicit: if a protective device rating is marked on the appliance, the branch-circuit overcurrent device rating shall not exceed that marked value. Ignoring the marking in favor of 240.4 alone, applying the 150% single-appliance formula, or picking the higher of two values all miss that the marked rating is a hard ceiling.

Unit switch as disconnect: dwelling occupancy rules

NEC 422.34

A unit switch can serve as an appliance's disconnecting means only if a second disconnect exists, and where that second disconnect can be located depends on the dwelling type.

Q9 NEC 422.34

A cooking appliance in a one-family dwelling has a unit switch with a marked-off position. What else is needed for this to satisfy the disconnecting means requirement?

  1. A The service disconnecting means is permitted to serve as the other required disconnect
  2. B Nothing else; the unit switch alone is sufficient in any occupancy
  3. C A separate disconnect must be mounted within sight of the appliance
  4. D A lockable disconnect switch must be added on the same floor as the appliance
Show answer & explanation

Correct: A — The service disconnecting means is permitted to serve as the other required disconnect

Per 422.34(C), in one-family dwellings the service disconnecting means is permitted to serve as the other disconnecting means alongside the unit switch. A unit switch alone is never sufficient by itself under 422.34 — the 'same floor' rule applies to multifamily dwellings under 422.34(A), not one-family dwellings, and there's no requirement here for a dedicated within-sight disconnect.

Supporting ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans

NEC 422.18(A)

A paddle fan can never hang from a standard outlet box — it needs independent support or a box/system listed specifically for fan weight.

Q10 NEC 422.18(A)

An electrician wants to mount a 35 lb ceiling paddle fan using only a standard nonmetallic outlet box rated for light fixtures, with no independent support. Is this permitted?

  1. A Yes, as long as the box is metal rather than nonmetallic
  2. B No, paddle fans may never be box-mounted under any circumstances
  3. C No, the fan must be supported independently or by a box/system listed for fan support
  4. D Yes, any listed outlet box may support a paddle fan
Show answer & explanation

Correct: C — No, the fan must be supported independently or by a box/system listed for fan support

422.18(A) requires ceiling-suspended fans to be supported independently of an outlet box, or by a listed outlet box/system identified for fan support installed per 314.27(C), or a listed weight-supporting receptacle system per 314.27(E). A generic fixture-rated box, metal or not, does not meet this unless it is specifically listed for fan support. The rule does allow box mounting when the box system is properly listed, so 'never' is also wrong.

Cord-and-plug rules for ovens, cooktops, and range hoods

NEC 422.16(B)(3)

Wall ovens and cooktops can be cord-and-plug connected if the manufacturer's instructions allow it, but range hoods need a specific cord length plus a dedicated, accessible receptacle.

Q11 NEC 422.16(B)(3)

Which condition is NOT one of the requirements in 422.16(B)(4) for cord-and-plug-connecting a range hood?

  1. A Receptacles are located to protect against physical damage to the cord
  2. B The receptacle is supplied by an individual branch circuit
  3. C The cord is at least 6 ft long to reach a nearby general-use receptacle
  4. D The receptacle is accessible
Show answer & explanation

Correct: C — The cord is at least 6 ft long to reach a nearby general-use receptacle

422.16(B)(4) actually caps cord length at a maximum of 4 ft (and a minimum of 18 in.) — a 6 ft cord reaching a shared general-use receptacle fails both the length limit and the individual-circuit requirement. The individual branch circuit, accessibility, and physical-damage protection conditions are all genuine requirements of this section.

Polarity and immersion protection for cord-and-plug appliances

NEC 422.40

Appliances with a line-connected switch, Edison-base lampholder, or 15/20 A receptacle need a polarized or grounding plug, and immersion-type appliances must be built to keep live parts away from the user and the liquid.

Q12 NEC 422.40

A cord-and-plug appliance has a manually operated, line-connected, single-pole on-off switch. What does 422.40 require for its attachment plug?

  1. A It must be double-insulated in place of using a grounding plug
  2. B It must be a polarized or grounding type plug
  3. C It must be a 2-wire nonpolarized plug for simplicity
  4. D No specific plug type is required as long as the switch is rated for the load
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — It must be a polarized or grounding type plug

422.40 requires a polarized or grounding attachment plug whenever the appliance has a line-connected single-pole switch, an Edison-base lampholder, or a 15- or 20-ampere receptacle. A nonpolarized 2-wire plug is only allowed as a narrow exception for listed double-insulated shavers, not general appliances with these features.

Subdividing large resistance heating loads

NEC 422.11(F)(1)

Resistance heating elements over 48 A must be split into subdivided loads, each capped at 48 A and protected at no more than 60 A, unless a listed exception raises those limits.

Q13 NEC 422.11(F)(1)

Under 422.11(F)(1), an electric heating appliance with resistance-type heating elements rated more than 48 amperes must have its elements subdivided so that each subdivided load does not exceed what value?

  1. A 48 amperes
  2. B 120 amperes
  3. C 150 amperes
  4. D 60 amperes
Show answer & explanation

Correct: A — 48 amperes

422.11(F)(1) caps each subdivided load at 48 amperes, with the overcurrent device protecting it rated at not more than 60 amperes. The 120 A and 150 A figures belong to the separate commercial-cooking and water-heater exceptions in 422.11(F)(2) and (F)(3), not the general rule.

Overcurrent limits for surface/infrared/open-coil heating elements

NEC 422.11(B)

Surface heating elements — household ranges over 60A demand, infrared lamps, and open-coil commercial heaters — all get subdivided circuits protected at no more than 50A.

Q14 NEC 422.11(B)

A household cooktop with surface heating elements has a calculated demand of 65 amperes under Table 220.55. What does 422.11(B) require?

  1. A The power supply must be subdivided into two or more circuits, each protected at not over 50A
  2. B The appliance must be reclassified as a commercial-type heating appliance and protected per 422.11(D)
  3. C A single circuit protected at 65A is acceptable since it matches the calculated demand
  4. D A single circuit protected at 50A, since the excess demand is a diversity factor already built in
Show answer & explanation

Correct: A — The power supply must be subdivided into two or more circuits, each protected at not over 50A

Per 422.11(B), once calculated demand for a household surface-heating appliance exceeds 60A, the supply must be subdivided into two or more circuits, each with overcurrent protection not exceeding 50A. A single 65A circuit isn't allowed regardless of how the demand was calculated, and this is a household appliance rule, not a switch to the commercial provisions in 422.11(D).

Water heater temperature-limiting controls

NEC 422.47

Storage and instantaneous water heaters need a temperature-limiting device — separate from the control thermostat — that disconnects all ungrounded conductors.

Q15 NEC 422.47 Code lookup

A commercial kitchen is installing a 75 kW storage-type water heater rated for supply water temperatures of 180°F or above. Beyond the normal operating thermostat, which section requires a separate temperature-limiting device that disconnects all ungrounded conductors and is either trip-free manual-reset or has a replaceable element?

  1. A 422.44
  2. B 422.47
  3. C 422.41
  4. D 422.34
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — 422.47

422.47 specifically covers water heater temperature-limiting controls, requiring a trip-free manual-reset or replaceable-element device separate from the control thermostat. 422.44 governs cord-and-plug-connected immersion heaters and 422.41 covers appliances subject to immersion, neither of which addresses the water heater's dedicated high-limit control.

General disconnecting means rule for appliances

NEC 422.30

Every appliance needs a disconnecting means that kills all ungrounded conductors at once, even if that takes multiple grouped switches.

Q16 NEC 422.30 Code lookup

A commercial kitchen has a fixed, permanently connected 8 kW warming appliance rated over 300 volt-amperes wired directly to its branch circuit with no cord or plug. Which section specifies the disconnecting means requirement for this permanently connected appliance?

  1. A 422.31(A)
  2. B 422.31(B)
  3. C 422.34(D)
  4. D 422.33(C)
Show answer & explanation

Correct: B — 422.31(B)

422.31(B) governs disconnecting means for permanently connected appliances rated over 300 VA. 422.31(A) applies only to appliances rated 300 VA or less (or 1/8 hp or less), and 422.33(C) covers cord-and-plug ratings, not permanently wired equipment.

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