Bonding and grounding conductor sizing for transmitting stations
NEC 810.58 Protective bonding/grounding conductors must match the lead-in and never go below 10 AWG; operating bonding/grounding conductors only need to be 14 AWG or larger.
Q1 NEC 810.58
Which statement correctly describes the minimum size requirement for a protective bonding conductor or grounding electrode conductor at a transmitting station?
- A It must be as large as the lead-in conductor, but not smaller than 10 AWG copper, bronze, or copper-clad steel
- B It must be at least 10 AWG regardless of the lead-in conductor's size
- C It must be at least 14 AWG copper or equivalent, regardless of the lead-in size
- D It must match the size of the service grounding electrode conductor from Table 250.66
Show answer & explanation
Correct: A — It must be as large as the lead-in conductor, but not smaller than 10 AWG copper, bronze, or copper-clad steel
810.58(B) requires the protective bonding conductor/GEC to be as large as the lead-in, and never smaller than 10 AWG copper, bronze, or copper-clad steel. The 14 AWG minimum belongs to the operating conductor (810.58(C)); the service GEC table in 250.66 doesn't apply here, and dropping the lead-in-matching requirement ignores half the rule.
Sizing wire-strung antenna and lead-in conductors
NEC 810.16 Outdoor antenna conductors must meet the minimum size in Table 810.16(A), and lead-in conductors must match that same conductor's tensile strength.
Q2 NEC 810.16
An installer is selecting conductor size for an outdoor wire-strung receiving antenna. Which factor primarily drives the required minimum size under 810.16(A)?
- A The voltage rating of the nearest power circuit
- B The minimum size listed in Table 810.16(A)
- C The ampacity needed for the connected receiver load
- D The conduit fill percentage for the lead-in raceway
Show answer & explanation
Correct: B — The minimum size listed in Table 810.16(A)
810.16(A) requires outdoor antenna conductors to be sized no smaller than given in Table 810.16(A), which is based on mechanical strength for the span, not ampacity, nearby circuit voltage, or conduit fill — antenna conductors carry negligible current.
Antenna discharge unit requirement, placement, and grounding
NEC 810.20(A) Every outdoor antenna lead-in needs a listed discharge unit near its entrance point, unless the lead-in is a grounded, continuous metal shield.
Q3 NEC 810.20(A) Code lookup
A technician installs a lead-in conductor from an outdoor TV receiving antenna into a dwelling. The lead-in is not enclosed in a continuous grounded metal shield. Which section requires a listed protective device on this conductor before it enters the radio/TV equipment?
- A 810.20(B)
- B 810.17
- C 810.20(A)
- D 810.21(F)
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — 810.20(A)
810.20(A) is the general requirement that each lead-in conductor from an outdoor antenna have a listed antenna discharge unit unless it's in a grounded continuous metal shield; 810.21(F) instead governs which grounding electrode the unit's bonding conductor connects to, not whether a discharge unit is required.
Where to connect the antenna bonding conductor to grounding electrodes
NEC 810.21(F) Connect the antenna bonding conductor to the intersystem bonding termination if one exists; only fall back to grounding means or a dedicated electrode if it doesn't.
Q4 NEC 810.21(F)
A dwelling has an intersystem bonding termination installed per 250.94. Where must the antenna system's bonding conductor be connected?
- A The nearest accessible point on the grounding electrode system
- B A dedicated grounding electrode installed per 250.52
- C The grounded interior metal water piping within 5 ft of its entrance
- D The intersystem bonding termination
Show answer & explanation
Correct: D — The intersystem bonding termination
810.21(F)(1) requires connection to the intersystem bonding termination whenever one exists — the grounding-means options and a dedicated electrode only apply when there is no ITB, per 810.21(F)(2) and (F)(3).
Outdoor antenna and lead-in materials and supports
NEC 810.11 Antenna and lead-in conductors must be strong, corrosion-resistant material, securely supported, and kept off the service mast and off poles carrying open wires over 250 volts.
Q5 NEC 810.11
Which support arrangement for an outdoor antenna violates 810.12?
- A Attaching the lead-in conductor securely to the antenna
- B Mounting the antenna on its own dedicated support structure
- C Attaching the antenna to the electric service mast
- D Using insulators with sufficient mechanical strength to support the conductors
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — Attaching the antenna to the electric service mast
810.12 specifically bars attaching antennas or lead-in conductors to the electric service mast. The other options describe compliant practice: lead-ins must be securely attached to the antenna, antennas need secure independent support, and insulators must have adequate mechanical strength.
Bonding/grounding electrode conductor material, insulation, and physical protection
NEC 810.21(A) Antenna bonding and grounding electrode conductors can be bare copper, aluminum, or similar corrosion-resistant metal, but aluminum can't touch earth or masonry or run within 18 in. of grade.
Q6 NEC 810.21(A)
An installer wants to run an aluminum bonding conductor from a rooftop antenna mast down the outside of a building to a ground rod. Which installation violates 810.21(A)?
- A Running the aluminum conductor within 300 mm (12 in.) of the earth
- B Using copper-clad steel for the same run
- C Using bronze conductor material for the same run
- D Running a copper conductor in direct contact with masonry
Show answer & explanation
Correct: A — Running the aluminum conductor within 300 mm (12 in.) of the earth
810.21(A) requires aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductors installed outside to stay at least 450 mm (18 in.) from the earth; 300 mm (12 in.) violates that clearance. Copper in contact with masonry is fine — the masonry/earth contact restriction applies only to aluminum and copper-clad aluminum. Copper-clad steel and bronze are both explicitly permitted materials with no such earth-contact restriction.
Routing and supporting the antenna bonding/grounding conductor
NEC 810.21(E) Run the antenna bonding conductor in as straight a line as practicable, secured without insulating supports, inside or outside the building.
Q7 NEC 810.21(E)
An installer is routing the bonding conductor from an antenna discharge unit to the grounding electrode. Per 810.21(E), how should this conductor be routed?
- A Only inside the building for physical protection
- B Only along grounded metal raceways
- C With insulating standoffs every few feet regardless of surface
- D In as straight a line as practicable
Show answer & explanation
Correct: D — In as straight a line as practicable
810.21(E) requires the bonding conductor or grounding electrode conductor to be run in as straight a line as practicable. Restricting it to inside the building isn't required — 810.21(G) allows either inside or outside. Insulating standoffs aren't required by 810.21(C), and routing along metal raceways isn't a requirement of this section.
Bringing lead-in conductors into the building
NEC 810.55 Transmitter lead-ins must enter through an insulating tube, a secured opening with 2 in. clearance, or a drilled window pane, and stay out of easy reach once inside.
Q8 NEC 810.55
Under 810.55, which of the following is an approved method for lead-in conductors to enter a building?
- A Through a drilled window pane
- B Through a wood-framed opening with 1 in. clearance
- C Through a nonmetallic conduit with no clearance requirement
- D Through any opening sealed with duct sealant
Show answer & explanation
Correct: A — Through a drilled window pane
810.55 lists a drilled window pane as one of the three approved entrances. A purpose-made opening must provide at least 2 in. (50 mm) clearance, not 1 in., and the section specifies a rigid, noncombustible, nonabsorbent insulating tube or bushing, not just any sealed opening.
Lead-in clearance from power conductors and lightning protection outdoors
NEC 810.18(A) Outdoor lead-in conductors need 2 ft of swing clearance from low-voltage power lines, 10 ft from over-250-volt lines, and 6 ft from lightning protection conductors.
Q9 NEC 810.18(A)
An outdoor antenna lead-in conductor is attached to a building near power conductors rated 208Y/120 volts (250 volts or less between conductors). What is the minimum clearance so the lead-in cannot swing closer to them?
- A 3.0 m (10 ft)
- B 100 mm (4 in.)
- C 600 mm (2 ft)
- D 1.8 m (6 ft)
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — 600 mm (2 ft)
810.18(A) requires 600 mm (2 ft) of clearance from power conductors of 250 volts or less between conductors. The 100 mm (4 in.) option only applies to permanently separated circuits under 150 volts, the 3.0 m (10 ft) option applies to circuits over 250 volts, and the 1.8 m (6 ft) option is the lightning protection clearance, not the general power-conductor clearance.
Transmitter safety: enclosure, grounding, and door interlocks
NEC 810.71 Radio transmitters must be enclosed or barriered, all accessible metal must be grounded, and access doors need interlocks that kill power above 350 volts.
Q10 NEC 810.71
A transmitter installation has an access door protecting operating personnel from internal voltages. At what point does 810.71(C) require an interlock to disconnect voltage when the door is opened?
- A Over 600 volts between conductors
- B Any voltage present in the enclosure
- C Over 350 volts between conductors
- D Over 150 volts to ground
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — Over 350 volts between conductors
810.71(C) sets the threshold at over 350 volts between conductors, not 150 volts to ground (a threshold used elsewhere in the NEC for other equipment), not 600 volts, and not simply any voltage present.
Separating antenna conductors from light/power/signaling wiring
NEC 810.70 Keep antenna conductors at least 4 in. from light, power, or signaling conductors unless they're separated by a fixed nonconductor or wired as an Article 640 audio system.
Q11 NEC 810.70
Per 810.70, what is the default minimum separation required between interior antenna conductors and electric light, power, or signaling conductors?
- A 150 mm (6 in.)
- B 50 mm (2 in.)
- C 100 mm (4 in.)
- D 300 mm (12 in.)
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — 100 mm (4 in.)
810.70 sets the default separation at 100 mm (4 in.) unless one of the listed exceptions applies. The other spacing values aren't the figure this section specifies.
Sizing antenna and lead-in conductors
NEC 810.52 Outdoor antenna conductors must meet the minimum sizes in Table 810.52, and a transmitting station's lead-in conductor must be at least as large as its antenna conductor for that same span.
Q12 NEC 810.52
Where does the NEC specify the minimum size for outdoor antenna conductors?
- A Article 800, Table 800.154
- B Table 250.66
- C Table 810.52
- D Table 310.16
Show answer & explanation
Correct: C — Table 810.52
810.52 requires outdoor antenna conductors to be sized not less than given in Table 810.52. Tables 250.66 and 310.16 govern grounding electrode and ampacity sizing, and Article 800 covers communications circuits, not antenna conductors.